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The SWAMP project recently published a paper in the IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2019), reporting an early attempt to build a digital twin for smart agriculture. A Digital Twin for Smart Farming leverages the technologies developed by SWAMP and Smart Sensing projects by creating an initial digital environment to provide farmers with a better understanding of the resources and equipment in their farms.

This paper presents a digital twin in the agriculture domain by leveraging the technologies developed by Sensing Change and the Smart Water Management Platform projects. The Sensing Change project developed a soil probe, whereas the SWAMP project is currently developing an Internet of Things platform for water management in farms. This paper leverages the technologies developed by those projects by building an initial digital environment to create a cyber-physical-system (CPS) so farmers can better understand the state of their farms regarding the use of resources and equipment. We conclude that our system can gather data from the soil probe and display its information in a dashboard, enabling the further deployment of more soil probes and other monitoring and controlling devices to create a fully operating digital twin.

The system consists of a field-installed probe that collects information on air temperature and humidity (DHT22), ambient light (BH1750), geospatial position (Venus GPS), the ground temperature at 7 cm depth (DS18B20), and soil moisture at depths of 7cm, 28cm, 50cm and 72cm (CSMv1.2). Probe signals are sent to a Raspberry Pi-3 module using: I2C bus (CSM v1.2 and BH1750); GPIO (DHT22); serial bus (Venus GPS); and One-Wire bus (DS18B20). An ADS1115 module is also used for the CSMv1.2 A/D signal conversion

A first experiment indicates that the probe can send data to the cloud and that it is possible to show this data in a real-time dashboard. It is noticeable that there is an abnormal drop in air humidity and air temperature, which indicates a hardware and communication problem that should be further addressed.

The SWAMP project published a paper in the Workshop of Cloud Networks (WCN 2019) promoting openness as a critical factor for providing interoperability and facilitating the interaction of new and existing pieces of an end-to-end IoT smart application. Designing an Open IoT Ecosystem advocates that the promotion of collaboration for building a healthy IoT ecosystem will be highly influenced by various levels of openness of the solutions, such as open-source, open platform, open services, open data, and open knowledge

We identify different possibilities for an end-to-end IoT Smart Application to deal with the three phases of an Input-Process-Output Model. In the center, we represent the SWAMP approach for the Intercrop pilot. It is also currently the most common one, where the platform must be developed, and sensors and actuators must be controlled directly by the platform. This picture also illustrates different interactions in an Open IoT Ecosystem. The bottom strip depicts an end-to-end system where sensing, platform, and irrigation belong to the same company. Furthermore, there might be a variety of platforms that provide and use different services among each other.

The picture below represents only one possibility in the specific case where the input (sensing), process (platform), and output (irrigation) belong to different organizations.

SWAMP[1] is a collaborative research project involving 10 partners in Europe and Brazil that develops and assesses an IoT-based smart water management platform for precision irrigation in agriculture with a hands-on approach based on four pilots in Brazil, Italy and Spain (https://swamp.pesquisa.ufabc.edu.br). The SWAMP Platform can be configured in different ways to deal with the requirements and constraints of different settings, countries, climate, soils, and crops, which requires a good deal of flexibility to adapt to a range of deployment configurations involving a varied mix of technologies.

The SWAMP Interest Group (SIG) brings together stakeholders with special interests in the approaches, technologies, experiences, findings, results, and exploitation opportunities of the SWAMP project firsthand. SWAMP has been attracting the attention of different stakeholders of the irrigation business, farmers, and water distributors. Considering that it is not feasible to add new project partners and new pilots to the project, the SIG is a convenient way of keeping in touch with project results with no strings attached. In other words, being a member of SIG is non-binding as SIG members do not have responsibilities and may allocate effort at their discretion.

Project partners will develop different ways of effective communication with SIG members, such as mailing lists and special events such as webinars. Also, a survey will be conducted about their key goals and interests to provide customized and meaningful communication with them.

If you (or your organization) are interested in being a member of the SIG, please register at <unavaiable>

Sincerely,

SWAMP Project Consortium

[1] Kamienski, C., Soininen, J.-P., Taumberger, M., Dantas, R., Toscano, A., Salmon Cinotti, T., Filev Maia, R., Torre Neto, A., “Smart Water Management Platform: IoT-Based Precision Irrigation for Agriculture”, Sensors, 19(2), January 2019, Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/2/276

The preliminary results regarding the case study of Italian pilots within the SWAMP project were presented at INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PRECISION MANAGEMENT OF ORCHARDS AND VINEYARDS (http://www.pmov2019.it/) in Palermo, Italy, from 7 to 11 October 2019.

180 people from 40 countries took part at the Symposium therefore it was a good opportunity to give additional visibility to the project and present the first results obtained.

The poster, Assessment of Leaf Area Index in Orchards and Vineyards at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales, was presented by Vincenzo Alagna (https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/v.alagna) on Oct 8th in a session called Mapping and Decision Support Platforms/Systems.

The study investigates the use of three different approaches to assess the spatial temporal variability both in Orchards and Vineyards of the Leaf Area Index (LAI)  which represents input data to predict the precision irrigation requirements. LAI estimations were conducted with the optical instrument AccuPAR LP 80 ceptometer on the ground and with proximal sensing from a drone equipped with a multi-spectral camera RedEdge M. In this way plant health indices, as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were generated and finally compared at a large scale, with the NDVI obtained from remote sensing retrievals as Sentinel 2-A.

The aim of the present work is closely related with the objective of the Symposium that is to share interdisciplinary knowledge about the implementation and application of both remote and on-site sensing systems for a precise management of Orchards and Vineyards with particular references to the most relevant field operations, such as irrigation, nutrition, pest control, pruning, harvesting, and soil management.

The next Symposium will be done within 3–4 years in Australia to discuss the advancements of the research and ideas on precision agriculture.

The SWAMP project actively participated in different activities of the twin events Cloudscape Brazil 2019 and Workshop of Cloud Networks (WCN) 2019, which aim at increasing the awareness of cloud computing, IoT, artificial intelligence and other related areas in the society, as well as serving as a locus for EU-BR project clustering. Both events were held together with the annual conference of the Brazilian Computer Society (CSBC 2019) in Belem, the capital of the Brazilian northern state of Pará, located inside the Amazon Forest. 

SWAMP participated in four different moments:

Demo and poster session

Presentation of EU-BR Collaboration Projects

Position Paper: Designing an Open IoT Ecosystem

Presentation: Towards an IoT Computing Continuum and its Application in Smart Agriculture

During 8 th and 10 th May 2019 SWAMP Members had a face-to-face meeting at UFABC (Santo André, Brazil) and FEI (São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil), where a variety of topics were discussed and important decisions were made.

The agenda included items such as: a) Pilots: Status &amp; Next Steps; b) Platform, System, IoT Management &amp; Data Models; c) Drones: use &amp; demonstration; d) Water Need Estimation, Irrigation Optimization &amp; Distribution Optimization; e) Farmer and Water Distributor Applications; f) Communication &amp; Dissemination Activities

The SWAMP project actively engaged in the 20^th RNP Workshop that took place in Gramado, Brazil, during May 6^th and 7^th, 2019 (wrnp.rnp.br/en). Gramado is a popular winter tourist town, situated in the mountain range called Serra Gaúcha in the Brazilian southernmost state Rio Grande do Sul (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramado).

The Brazilian National Research and Educational Network (Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa – RNP) provides access to the Internet and other services to a myriad of academic and research institutions in Brazil. Also, it funds R&D projects aimed at putting forward the current state of the art and practice in computer networking and distributed systems. Since 1999, RNP organizes an annual workshop for bringing together its target public to the newest technological advancements and research and development hot topics in ICT.

SWAMP, like other collaborative projects, had a stand at the exposition area of the Gramado Master Hotel. This year, the SWAMP booth was a very popular attraction point, since we showed real data coming from the Guaspari Pilot, a local demo and a green sensor probe.

Also, SWAMP participated in a panel aimed at discussing the Brazil & EU cooperation in ICT (https://twitter.com/Rede_RNP/status/1125749852435046400).

All six projects selected in the 4^th joint call had a representative member in the panel, in a excellent opportunity for communicating the project goals and challenges, as well as an opportunity for clustering.